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Arms Sales
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Table 1: US Arms Sales and Service Contracts to Taiwan
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Table 2: US Arms Sales to Taiwan (Deliveries)
United States of America (U.S.)
Basis of Arms Sales Policy
Public Law |
Communiques |
The White House
U.S. Congress
Public Law
Public Law No: 113-291 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (Sec. 1256, Sec. 1259A, and Sec 1259B, esp. (E) and (H)) (December 2014)
Public Law 107-107 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2002 (2001) (Section 1101 and Section 1221) - Authorizes President to transfer by selling four Kidd-class destroyers to Taiwan, as well as requires additional reporting on "significant sales and transfers of military hardware, expertise, and technology to the PRC".
Public Law 106-429 Foreign Operations Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 2001 (2000) (Section 581 Taiwan Reporting Requirement) - Requires the President to report to Congress 30 days prior to the next round of arms sales talks.
Public Law 106-113 Fiscal Year 2000 Appropriations Federal Funds (1999) (Section 216 Report to Congress on PRC capabilities and Section 593 Arms Sales to Taiwan) - Requires the Office of Net Assessment in the Office of the Secretary of Defense to report on DOD planning to implement TRA as well as gaps in relevant knowledge about PRC capabilities and intentions to affect the military balance in the Taiwan Strait; it also requires State Department to consult with Congress on arms sales to Taiwan.
Public Law 106-65 National Defense Authorization Act for FY 2000 (October 1999) (Section 1202) - Requires the Department of Defense to produce an annual report on the military power of the People's Republic of China, including the security situation in the Taiwan Strait as well as Chinese strategy regarding Taiwan.
Public Law 105-261 – National Defense Authorization Act for FY 1999 (1998) - Requires the Secretary of Defense to "carry out a study of the architecture requirements for the establishment and operation of a theater ballistic missile defense system in the Asia-Pacific region that would have the capability to protect key regional allies of the United States". Authorizes the transfer of Knox class frigates, newport class tank landing ships and other hardware pursuant to the TRA.
Public Law 103-236 Foreign Relations Authorization Act for FY 1994- 1995 (H.R. 2333) (1993) - Gives primacy to the Taiwan Relations Act (TRA) over other statements of United States policy, including communiques, regulations, directives, and policies.
Public Law 96-8 (Text of the Taiwan Relations Act) (1979) - Provides the legal basis for the United States military to support Taiwan.
Bills
Senate
S. 693 Taiwan Security Enhancement Act (March 1999) (H.R. 1838) - Recommends a number of new military and security measures with Taiwan (Introduction and referral only).
House
H.R. 4495 Asia-Pacific Region Priority Act (2014) (Introduced in the House) (Sec. 204 on Taiwan and Sec. 205 on PRC) - Strengthens the commitment of the United States to the security and stability of the Asia-Pacific region and to its allies in the region.
H.R.494 - Affirming the importance of the Taiwan Relations Act - Reaffirms the commitment of the House of Representatives to: (1) the Taiwan Relations Act as the cornerstone of U.S.-Taiwan relations; and (2) deepening U.S.-Taiwan trade and investment relations, including support for Taiwan's inclusion in bilateral and regional trade agreements. Reaffirms: (1) support for Taiwan's democratic institutions, and (2) that peace in the Taiwan Strait should be maintained to the benefit of the free people of Taiwan.Supports the commitment to Taiwan's security, including the sale of sophisticated defensive weapons to Taiwan.
H.R. 419 (Text of the Taiwan Policy Act of 2013) (2013) (The bill was introduced but was not enacted) - Aims to strengthen and clarify "the commercial, cultural, and other relations between the people of the United States and the people of Taiwan, as codified in the Taiwan Relations Act, and for other purposes".
H.R. 1960 (National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014) (Sections 1259 and 1265) (2013) (Passes the House with amendments but Sections 1259 and 1265 are excluded) (See: H.R. 3304 and Public Law No: 113-66)
H.R. 2386 United States-Taiwan Anti-Ballistic Missile Defense Cooperation Act (1997) - Requires a study on the architecture requirements of establishing missile-defense system in the Asia-Pacific region for the protection of Taiwan. This highlights Congressional commitment to the defense of Taiwan (this includes the islands of Jinmen, Mazu and Penghu) ( The House passes the Bill on November 6, 1997 but the Senate never passes it).
Concurrent Resolutions
Senate
House
Conference Reports
Statements, Remarks, & Letters Regarding Taiwan
Statement by SASC Chairman John McCain on U.S. Arm Sales to Taiwan (2015)
Benjamin L. Cardin & John McCain Letter to President Obama Regarding Arms Sales to Taiwan (2015)
The Promise of the Taiwan Relations Act (March 2014)
Representative Michael McCaul sends a letter on U.S. Arms Sales to Defense Secretary Hagel on September 5, 2013
Statement of Senator John Cornyn at the Heritage Foundation on "Urgent Action Needed to Bolster Taiwan Defense" on February 8, 2013
Trends in the U.S.-Taiwan Relationship (2013)
Media Roundtable with Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates from Beijing, China on January 11, 2011
Kurt M. Campbell Assistant Secretary, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs Testimony Before the House Foreign Affairs Committee Why Taiwan Matters, Part II (2011)
Republicans Call Upon President Bush to End 'One China Policy' (2008)
Statement of Director, Office of Taiwan Coordination US Department of State Clifford Hart at the US-Taiwan Defense Industry Conference on September 12, 2006
Statement of Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs Peter Rodman at a hearing on “The Taiwan Relations Act: The Next 25 Years” held by the House International Relations Committee on April 21, 2004
Overview of U.S. Policy Toward Taiwan, James A. Kelly, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Testimony at a hearing on Taiwan, House International Relations Committee, Washington, DC, April 21, 2004
Taiwan Relations Act at Twenty, Susan L. Shirk, Deputy Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Affairsm U.S. Department of State, Testimony Before the House International Relations Committee, Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific, Washington, DC (April 14, 1999)
Letter from Jesse Helms, Trent Lott, Paul Coverdell and Connie Mack to President Clinton on Scrapping Arms Sales to Taiwan (1999)
US Taiwan Policy Review II (1994)
Assistant Secretary of State John Holdridge and Six Assurances (1982)
Background: The August 17, 1982 U.S.-China Communiqué on Arms Sales to Taiwan (1982)
CRS Reports
Republic of China (ROC Taiwan)
People's Republic of China (PRC)
China rebukes US arms sale to Taiwan (April 10, 2018)
China strongly opposes approving license for Taiwan submarine plan by US (April 9, 2018)
Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Lu Kang's Regular Press Conference (December 14, 2017)
China resolutely opposes U.S. arms sales to Taiwan: spokesperson, Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council PRC (June 30, 2017)
Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying's Regular Press Conference (March 20, 2017)
Ministry of National Defense regular press conference (February 23, 2017)
Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying's Remarks on US Signing into Law 2017 National Defense Authorization Act (December 26, 2016)
China reaffirms opposition to U.S. arms sale to Taiwan, Xinhua (March 11, 2016)
Chinese defense ministry opposes U.S. arms sale to Taiwan, Xinhua (December 17, 2015)
China strongly opposes U.S. arms sale to Taiwan, Xinhua (December 17, 2015)
China reiterates opposition to U.S. arms sale to Taiwan, Xinhua (December 16, 2015)
China urges U.S. to stop arms sale to Taiwan, Xinhua (December 15, 2015)
Arm Sales to Taiwan remain "biggest" obstacle to China-U.S. military ties: Chinese military official (May 25, 2015)
China objects after U.S. fighter jets land in Taiwan (April 03, 2015)
China opposes U.S. arms sales to Taiwan (December 19, 2014)
China urges U.S. to block bill on arms sales to Taiwan, Xinhua (December 08, 2014)
FM press conference on October 31 (full text), Xinhua (November 13, 2014)
China urges U.S. to stop Taiwan arms sales (April 10, 2014)
FM press conference on April 10 (Full text), Xinhua (April 11, 2014)
China's DM warns U.S. against arms sales, Xinhua (April 08, 2014)
China urges U.S. to stop arms sales to Taiwan, Xinhua (March 27, 2014)
China opposes U.S. Senate committee legislation on Taiwan arms sales- FM, Xinhua (November 21, 2013)
China lodges representation to U.S. over arms sales, Xinhua (September 26, 2013)
Mainland reaffirms opposition to U.S.-Taiwan arms sales, Xinhua (January 16, 2013)
China reiterates opposition to U.S. weapon sales to Taiwan (January 11, 2013)
China reiterates opposition to U.S. weapon sales to Taiwan, Xinhua (January 10, 2013)
China firmly opposes U.S. Congress defense authorization bill, Xinhua (December 23, 2012)
China opposes U.S. lawmakers push to sell F-16 jets to Taiwan, Xinhua (May 21, 2012)
China opposes U.S.-Taiwan official contacts, Xinhua (July 19, 2012)
Chinese defense ministry urges U.S. to stop arms sale to Taiwan (October 27, 2011)
Senior Chinese Lawmaker urges u.S. to resolve Taiwan arms sales dispute (October 25, 2011)
China, U.S. to discuss currency, arms sale during Asia-Pacific talks, Xinhua (October 10, 2011)
Chinese mainland: military threat to Taiwan "inconsistent with the facts", Xinhua (September 28, 2011)
U.S. arms sale to Taiwan will disrupt military exchanges, joint drills (September 28, 2011)
Chinese FM reaffirms China's position on U.S. arms sales to Taiwan (September 27, 2011)
Speech by H.E. Yang Jiechi, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China, at the Luncheon Hosted by the National Committee on US-China Relations and the US-China Business Council (September 22, 2011)
China says U.S. arms sale to Taiwan creates "severe obstacles" for bilateral military exchanges (September 22, 2011)
Chinese mainland: U.S. arms sales to Taiwan harm cross-Strait ties (September 22, 2011)
U.S. arms sales to Taiwan harm cross-Strait ties, Xinhua (September 22, 2011)
Chinese FM urges U.S. to revoke arms sales to Taiwan (September 22, 2011)
National Committee on US-China Relations and the US-China Business Council (September 22, 2011)
China voices strong indignation to new U.S. arms sales to Taiwan, Xinhua (September 21, 2011)
Vice Foreign Minister Zhang Zhijun Lodges a Strong Protest Against the U.S. Government's Announcement of Planned Arms Sales to Taiwan (September 21, 2011)
Responding to Pentagon report, China stresses cross-Strait peaceful development (2010)
China reaffirms opposition to arms sales to Taiwan (2010)
U.S. arms sales to Taiwan detrimental to Sino-U.S. relations (2010)
China again reaffirms resolute opposition to U.S. arms sales to Taiwan (2010)
China denounces U.S. arms sales to Taiwan (2010)
China renews warning on U.S. arms sales to Taiwan (2010)
China lodges solemn representations over U.S. arms sales to Taiwan (2010)
Chinese FM urges U.S. to stop selling weapons to Taiwan, Xinhua (January 31, 2010)
China suspends military visits with U.S. over planned arms sales to Taiwan, Xinhua (January 30, 2010)
China reaffirms opposition to U.S. arms sales to Taiwan (November 25, 2009)
U.S. arms sales to Taiwan detrimental to Sino-U.S. relations (January 11, 2009)
China denounces U.S. arms sales to Taiwan (January 08, 2009)
US urged to stop arms sale to Taiwan (2006)
China firmly opposes US arms sale to Taiwan (2005)
China will never tolerate Taiwan independence: Jiang Zemin (2004)
Chinese, US presidents discuss trade, Taiwan issue (2004)
United States can't be trusted on Taiwan (2004)
China makes solemn representation to US over anti-China items in US Defense Bill (2004)
US report on China's military forces "ill-motivated" (2004)
Enhanced Mutual Understanding and Trust Towards a Constructive and Cooperative Relationship Between China and the United (2002)
China Urges U.S. to Stop Arms Sales to Taiwan (2002)
President Jiang Zemin Meets the New York Times (2001)
China Opposes Anti-China U.S. Defense Act (2001)
China Opposed to U.S. Sales of "Maverick" Missiles to Taiwan (2001)
FM Spokesperson on President Bush's remarks on US arms sale to Taiwan (2001)
China Strongly Protests U.S. Arms Sales to Taiwan (2001)
Foreign Minister Tang Jiaxuan on U.S. Arms Sale to Taiwan (2001)
Statement by China's NPC Foreign Affairs Committee on U.S. Administration's Endorsement of "Foreign Operations Appropriation Act for Financial Year 2001 (2000)
NPC Foreign Affairs Committee Bashes U.S. Anti-China Act (2000)
China Opposes Including Taiwan In TMD (1999)
NPC Foreign Affairs Committee on U.S. Congress Moves Concerning Taiwan Issue (1999)
U.S. Arms Sales and Service Contracts with Taiwan
- Government-to-Government Foreign Military Sales;
- Commercial exports under Department of State license under Arms Export Control Act;
- Sales under Excess Defense Articles Program; and,
- Leased under Excess Defense Articles Program.
Major Item or Service (1990-2011)*
notification |
Major item or service as proposed (usually part of a program with related support) |
Value of program ($ mil) |
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1990 |
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07/26/90 |
Cooperation Logistics Supply Support |
108 |
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09/06/90 |
(1) C-130H Transport Plane |
45 |
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1991 |
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01/07/91 |
(100) MK-46 Torpedoes (Anti-submarine only) |
28 |
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07/24/91 |
(97) SM-1 Air Defense Missiles |
55 |
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09/13/91 |
(110) M60A3 Tanks |
119 |
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11/18/91 |
Upgrade Kits for HAWK Air Defense Systems |
170 |
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1992 |
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05/27/92 |
Weapons/Ammo for 3 Leased Ships |
212 |
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05/27/92 |
Logistics Support Arrangement |
107 |
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08/04/92 |
(207) SM-1 Air Defense Missiles |
126 |
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09/14/92 |
(150) F16A/B Fighter Planes |
5,800 |
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09/14/92 |
(3) Patriot-derived Modified Air Defense System (MADS) fire units (commercial sale) |
1,300 |
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09/18/92 |
(12) SH-2F LAMPS Anti-submarine Helicopters |
161 |
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1993 |
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06/17/93 |
(12) C-130H Transport Planes |
620 |
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06/25/93 |
Logistics Support Arrangement |
156 |
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07/29/93 |
(38) Harpoon Anti-ship Missiles |
68 |
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07/30/93 |
Logistics support service for (40) Leased T-38 Trainer Planes |
70 |
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08/01/93 |
(4) E-2T Airborne Early Warning Planes |
700 |
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09/08/93 |
Logistics Support for MADS |
175 |
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11/04/93 |
(150) MK-46 Torpedoes |
54 |
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11/09/93 |
Weapons/Ammo for (3) Leased Frigates |
238 |
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11/23/93 |
MK-41 Ship-based Air Defense Missile Launch Systems |
103 |
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1994 |
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08/01/94 |
(80) Electronic Countermeasure Pods |
150 |
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09/12/94 |
Logistics Support Arrangement |
192 |
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1995 |
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03/24/95 |
(6) MK-75 Shipboard Gun Systems |
75 |
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06/07/95 |
Supply Support Arrangement |
192 |
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1996 |
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05/10/96 |
Improved Mobile Communications System |
188 |
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05/10/96 |
(30) TH-67 Training Helicopters |
53 |
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05/23/96 |
(465) Stinger Missiles w/ 55 Launcher Systems |
84 |
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06/24/96 |
(300) M60A3TTS Tanks |
223 |
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08/23/96 |
(1,299) Stinger Missiles 2/74 Launcher Systems an (96) Vehicles |
420 |
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09/05/96 |
(110) MK-46 Mod 5 Anti-submarine Torpedoes |
66 |
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1997 |
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01/14/97 |
(54) Harpoon Anti-ship Missiles |
95 |
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05/23/97 |
(1,786) TOW 2A Anti-tank Guided Missiles w/launchers |
81 |
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07/24/97 |
(21) AH-1W Super Cobra Attack Helicopters |
479 |
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09/03/97 |
(13) OH-58D Kiowa Warrior Armed Scout Helicopters |
172 |
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11/09/97 |
Pilot Training and Logistics Support for F-16 Fighter Planes |
280 |
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11/09/97 |
Spare Parts for Various Aircraft |
140 |
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1998 |
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01/28/98 |
(3) Knox-class Frigates w/15 Phalanx Close-in AA Systems |
300 |
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06/01/98 |
(28) Navigation/targeting Pods for F-16 Fighter Planes |
160 |
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08/27/98 |
(58) Anti-ship Harpoon Missiles |
101 |
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08/27/98 |
(31) Stinger Missiles |
180 |
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08/27/98 |
(131) MK-46 Mod 5(A) Anti-submarine Torpedoes |
69 |
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10/09/98 |
(9) Ch-47SD Chinook Transport Helicopters |
486 |
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1999 |
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05/26/99 |
(240) AGM-114KS Hellfire II Air-to-surface Missiles |
23 |
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05/26/99 |
(5) Radio Systems, (5) Electronic Warfare Systems w/vehicles |
64 |
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07/30/99 |
(2) E-2T Hawkeye 2000E Airborne Early Warning Planes |
400 |
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2000 |
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03/02/00 |
Modernization of Air Defense Radar Systems |
96 |
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06/07/00 |
(39) Navigation/Targeting Pods for F-16 Fighter Planes |
234 |
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06/07/00 |
(48) Electronic Countermeasure Pods for F-16 Fighter Planes |
122 |
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09/28/00 |
(146) M109A5 Howitzers w/152 Radio Systems |
405 |
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09/28/00 |
(200) AMRAAM Air-to-air Missiles for F-16 Fighter Planes |
150 |
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09/28/00 |
(71) Anti-ship Harpoon Missiles |
240 |
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09/28/00 |
Improved Communications System |
513 |
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2001 |
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07/18/01 |
(50) Air-Sea-Ground Data Link Systems |
725 |
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09/05/01 |
(40) Maverick Air-to-ground Missiles for F-16 Fighter Planes |
18 |
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10/26/01 |
(40) Javelin Anti-tank Missile Systems |
51 |
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2002 |
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06/04/02 |
(3) Air Traffic Control Radars |
108 |
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09/04/02 |
(54) AAV7A1 Assault Amphibious Vehicles |
250 |
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09/04/02 |
Logistics Support/Spare Parts for Aircraft and other systems |
174 |
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09/04/02 |
(182) Sidewinder Air-to-air Missiles |
36 |
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09/04/02 |
(449) Hellfire II Anti-tank Missiles for Helicopters |
60 |
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10/11/02 |
(290) TOW-2B anti-tank missiles |
18 |
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11/21/02 |
(4) Kidd-class destroyers |
875 |
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2003 |
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09/24/03 |
Multi-functional Information Distribution Systems (for Po Sheng C4ISR data link upgrades) |
775 |
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2004 |
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03/30/04 |
(2) Ultra High Frequency Long Range Early Warning Radars |
1,776 |
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2005 |
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10/25/05 |
(10) AIM-9M Sidewinder and (5) AIM-7M Sparrow air- to-air missiles; continuation of pilot training and logistics support for F-16 fighters at Luke AFB, AZ |
280 |
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2007 |
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02/28/07 |
(218) AMRAAMs and (235) Maverick air-to-ground missiles for F-16 fighters |
421 |
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08/08/07 |
(60) AGM-84L Harpoon Block II anti-ship missiles |
125 |
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09/12/07 |
(144) SM-2 Block IIIA Standard air-defense missiles Kidd-class destroyers |
272 |
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09/12/07 |
(12) P-3C maritime patrol/ASW aircraft |
1,960 |
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11/09/07 |
Patriot configuration 2 ground systems upgrade |
939 |
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2008 |
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10/03/08 |
(330) Patriot Advanced Capability (PAC)-3 missile defense missiles |
3,100 |
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10/03/08 |
(32) UGM-84L sub-launched Harpoon anti-ship missiles |
200 |
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10/03/08 |
Spare parts for F-5E/F, C-130H, F-16A/B, IDF aircraft |
334 |
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10/03/08 |
(182) Javelin anti-armor missiles |
47 |
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10/03/08 |
Upgrade of (4) E-2T aircraft (Hawkeye 2000 configuration) |
250 |
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10/03/08 |
(30) AH-64D Apache Longbow attack helicopters, (173) Stinger air-to-air missiles, (1,000) AGM-114L Longbow Hellfire missiles |
2,532 |
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2010 |
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01/29/10 |
(114) PAC-3 missile defense missiles |
2,810 |
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01/29/10 |
(60) UH-60M Black Hawk utility helicopters |
3,100 |
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01/29/10 |
(12) Harpoon Block II anti-ship telemetry (training) missiles |
37 |
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01/29/10 |
(60) MIDS (follow-on technical support for Po Sheng C4 systems) |
340 |
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01/29/10 |
(2) Osprey-class mine hunting ships (refurbished and upgraded) |
105 |
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2011 |
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09/21/11 |
Retrofit of 145 F-16 A/B fighters, with 176 AESA radars, JDAMs, etc. |
5,300 |
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09/21/11 |
Continuation of training of F-16 pilots at Luke Air Force Base |
500 |
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09/21/11 |
Spare parts for F-16 A/B, F-5E/F, C-130H, and IDF aircraft |
52 |
U.S. Arms Sales to Taiwan (1979-2011)*
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