PREVENTING NUCLEAR WAR BETWEEN CHINA AND THE U.S. OVER TAIWAN
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      • Chapter 1: Historical, Cultural, Legal, and Geographical Factors
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PRC-TAIWAN RELATIONS: 1992 CONSENSUS

​
​Strait Talk, Chapter Five: The Issues

Background on the 1992 Consensus

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Based upon EAPASI research, a consensus on the interpretation of the concept of 'One China' was reached in 1992 between the Kuomintang-led government (KMT) and China.  During a meeting that took place in Hong Kong between the PRC’s Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait (ARATs) and the ROC’s Strait Exchange Foundation (SEF), each side verbally agreed that the concept of 'One China' means 'one China with different interpretations' (一个中国各自表述).  The agreement allowed the KMT-led government and China to put aside their differences over the exact definition of 'One China', in particular the underlying issues of sovereignty and territory as well as political legitimacy and recognition, and to move forward with cross-strait negotiations directed at building ties between the two sides.  In 1993, Wang Daohan of the ARATS and C.F. Koo of the SEF met in Singapore to institutionalize the negotiations.   The consensus reached in 1992 represented the understanding between China and specifically the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the Kuomintang (KMT) that they held different interpretations of "One China" but were willing to negotiate the future of China-Taiwan relations within that specific context. Taiwan’s Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) was not part of this negotiated settlement.

​Following the 1992 agreement, however, relations between the two sides deteriorated due to a series of incidents.  The events included the Qiandao Lake Incident (1994); President Lee Teng-hui’s visit to Cornell (1995) where he gave a commencement speech and mentioned the Republic of China 17 times; the PLA military maneuvers in the Taiwan Strait area (1995); and the PLA missile tests (1996) to prevent a referendum on independence from appearing on the ballot during Taiwan’s first presidential election (1996).  Furthermore, in 1999 then Taiwanese President Lee Teng-hui (KMT) stated that cross-strait ties are a “special state-to-state relationship” (the Two States Theory), signaling a policy shift away from the consensus reached by KMT and the CPC in 1992 that acknowledged there was “One China”.  The CPC viewed Lee’s statement as a violation of that consensus and, as a result, canceled the second meeting between Koo and Wang.  In 2000, the CPC released a White Paper on “The One China Principle and the Taiwan Issue”.  The Paper reiterated the CPC’s adherence to the concept of “One China” especially the “One China Principle” which it outlined in great detail. The cross-strait relationship was in a deadlock.  This stalemate prompted the former MAC Minister Su Chi of Taiwan to suggest that the two sides use the term “1992 Consensus” to ‘break the deadlock and alleviate tensions’.  Su Chi made the proposal in 2000.

From 2000 to 2008, the DPP –  the major opposition party to the KMT – held political power.  Notably in 2000 prior to taking political power, the DPP recognized the consensus reached in 1992, which, at the time, included the then President Chen Shui-bian and former MAC Minister Tsai Ing-wen (now President Tsai).  Once the DPP took office, however, it refused to acknowledge the agreement.  Instead, the DPP promoted a policy similar to former KMT President Lee Teng-hui (the two state theory).  In particular it advocated that the two sides represent “one country on each side”.  In addition the DPP launched a bid to hold a referendum to join the United Nations.  In response to the developments on Taiwan, which, appeared to be active movement toward Taiwanese independence, the Standing Committee of the Chinese National People’s Congress (NPC) voted to submit draft legislation on anti-secession with respect to Taiwan to the National People’s Congress (NPC).  In 2005, the NPC passed the anti-secession law.  The Law reiterated that the “One China Principle” is the basis of reunification, while underscoring that China wants to peacefully resolve issues with Taiwan but retains the right to use force against Taiwan.  Both Taiwan and the US objected to the legislation for various reasons, including China’s assertion in domestic law that it has the right to use force against Taiwan.

In 2008 tensions in the cross-strait relationship deteriorated even more.  In March 2008, the people of Taiwan elected Ma Ying-jeou (KMT) to the Office of the President.  Within four days of Ma’s election, former Chinese president Hu Jintao stated in a call to then U.S. President George W. Bush that China and Taiwan should restore consultation and talks on the basis of the 1992 consensus.  By June 2008 the SEF and ARATS resumed talks using the 1992 Consensus as the framework.  Between 2008 and 2016, SEF and ARATS held 11 rounds of high-level talks.  The talks led to the signing of 23 agreements, as well as the issuance of two consensuses and three common opinions.  The two sides also signed numerous Memoranda of Understanding (MOU). Although the '1992 Consensus' was a verbal agreement (and the phrase was created at a later date by former MAC Minister Su), it served as the framework for cross-strait negotiations and resulted in unprecedented cross-strait economic cooperation and people-to-people exchanges.
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In January 2016 the people of Taiwan elected the DPP presidential candidate Tsai Ing-Wen to the Office of the President.  As the former minister of MAC, Tsai Ing-wen had previously acknowledged the “1992 Consensus”.   But during the former president Chen Shui-bian’s tenure in office (2000 to 2008), the DPP refused to acknowledge the '1992 Consensus'.  In her Victory Speech and in her Inaugural Address, President Tsai recognized the historical fact of and the attendant outcomes of the 1992 meeting between SEF and ARATS.  To date, however, the President has not verbalized the specific term “1992 Consensus”.  This development, combined with a few other developments, has triggered the emergence of a cold pause in cross-strait relations.  The fundamental issue confronting the PRC and Taiwan's DPP-led government is a clash over sovereignty, which is what the deadlock over the "1992 Consensus" represents.
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Implications for the Cross-Strait Relationship

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The Tsai administration’s repudiation of the "1992 Consensus" has triggered strong reactions from the PRC because it represents a rejection of the concept of 'one China' and in particular the PRC's "One China Principle".  The PRC continues to issue strongly worded statements that encourage Taiwan's leaders to say the phrase “1992 Consensus”.  The PRC is pursuing policies that constrain Taiwan's diplomatic and international activities, as well as policies that circumvent the Tsai administration yet foster cross-strait ties with Taiwanese businesspeople and society.  In addition, the PRC is using the three warfares and extra-military instruments to persuade Taiwan and the international community to reject the Tsai administration’s "dynamic" status quo policy which aims to  maintain political separation (Taiwanese independence) from the PRC indefinitely.  Instead of moving closer to the PRC's position, the Tsai administration recently has suggested that Taiwan "stop fixating" on the "1992 Consensus" and frame cross-strait ties using relevant laws.  The refusal of the Tsai administration to verbalize the phrase means it rejects the "One China Principle", that is, it refuses to acknowledge the PRC's sovereignty claims over Taiwan and political legitimacy.  The PRC and Taiwan are at loggerheads over the "1992 Consensus", which, if neither side yields, could produce increased hostilities in the Taiwan Strait.  In particular, if the Tsai administration continues to refuse to say the phrase "1992 Consensus", it could prompt the PRC to invoke the 2005 Anti-Secession Law, which has the potential to trigger a conflict that drags the U.S. in.

People's Republic of China (PRC)

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The 1992 Consensus
The 1992 Consensus embodies the one-China principle and defines the fundamental nature of cross-Straits relations; it thus holds the key to the peaceful development of relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits. Recognize the historical fact of the 1992 Consensus and that the two sides both belong to one China, and then our two sides can conduct dialogue to address through discussion the concerns of the people of both sides, and no political party or group in Taiwan will have any difficulty conducting exchanges with the mainland.
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We must uphold the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus, promote the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, deepen economic cooperation and cultural exchange between the two sides of the Straits, and encourage fellow Chinese on both sides to oppose all separatist activities and work together to realize Chinese national rejuvenation

​President Xi Jinping
Delivered ​at the 19th National Congress
of the Communist Party of China
​October 18, 2017

Xi Jinping
​Administration
​(2012 - )

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2017
  • "1992 Consensus" to be further upheld in 2018: mainland's Taiwan affairs chief (December 31, 2017 )
  • Preventing cross-Strait communication goes against will of the people: spokesperson, Xinhua (December 27, 2017)​
  • Top political advisor vows "utmost sincerity" in cross-Strait development, Xinhua (November 24, 2017)
  • Taiwan has itself to blame for failing to attend int'l events,Xinhuanet (November 15, 2017)
  • Taiwan can only improve relations with mainland by adhering to 1992 Consensus: spokesperson, Xinhua (October 26, 2017)
  • China Focus: Top political advisor stresses 1992 Consensus in cross-Strait relations, Xinhuanet (June 27, 2017)
  • ​Only one China in the world: mainland spokesperson, Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council (June 13, 2017)
  • Xi congratulates Wu on election as KMT leader, Xinhua (May 21, 2017)
  • Endorsing one-China principle only way to break deadlock in cross-strait ties: spokesperson, Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council of the PRC (April 28, 2017)
  • Ministry of National Defense regular press conference, Ministry of National Defense People's Republic of China (March 30, 2017)​
  • "Taiwan independence" can never be allowed: Chinese mainland spokesman, Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council People's Republic of China (March 29, 2017)
  • Mainland official calls for better cross-Strait exchanges,Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council People's Republic of China (March 28, 2017)
  • Mainland Taiwan Affairs Chief Warns Against Complicated Cross-strait Situation, Xinhua (February 24, 2017)
  • "Taiwan independence" biggest threat to cross-Strait peace, stability: spokesperson, Xinhua​ (February 22, 2017)
  • No 'new mode' without sticking to One-China policy,CCTV (February 09, 2017)
  • Senior official urges Taiwan social organizations to oppose "Taiwan Independence", ​Xinhua (January 10, 2017)​
2016
  • CPC, KMT to strengthen exchanges based on 1992 Consensus: spokesperson (December 29, 2016)
  • China urges U.S. to carefully handle Taiwan issue (December 29, 2016)
  • "Taiwan independence" biggest threat to peace, stability in the Strait: spokesperson (December 29, 2016)
  • Mainland stresses one-China principle on cross-Strait affairs (December 15, 2016)
  • ​​​​Zhang Zhijun Calls for maintaining Peaceful Development of Cross-Strait relations to Promote Economic Development (December 07, 2016)
  • Mainland spokesperson rebukes de-sinicization activities in Taiwan (December 06, 2016)
  • Mainland unswerving in opposing "Taiwan independence": spokesperson (November 11, 2016)
  • Xi proposes talks to end cross-Strait hostility (November 01, 2016)
  • Xi stresses adherence to 1992 Consensus (November 01, 2016)
  • Mainland spokesman tells Taiwan: no room for obscurity (October 12, 2016)​​
  • Mainland's Taiwan affairs spokesman reiterates one-China principle (October 06, 2016)
  • 1992 Consensus not an additional premise: spokesperson (September 28, 2016)​
  • ARATS, SEF talks to continue if 1992 Consensus confirmed (September 01, 2016)
  • Existing cross-strait pacts to continue: Chinese official (August 26, 2016)
  • 1992 Consensus a base of peaceful cross-Strait ties: Mainland spokesperson​ (July 22, 2016)
  • Remarks by Minister Zhang Zhijun At the 5th World Peace Forum (July 17, 2016)
  • ​Mainland stresses one-China principle in relations with Taiwan (July 17, 2016)
  • ​Xi reiterates opposition to ‘Taiwan independence’ (July 01, 2016)​
  • Defense Ministry's regular press conference on June 30 (June 30, 2016)
  • Mainland spokesman says cross-Strait communication mechanisms in suspension (June 25, 2016)
  • ​​Spokesman denies anti-Taiwan sentiment among mainlanders (June 15, 2016)
  • Top political advisor stresses 1992 Consensus, deepening exchanges (June 13, 2016)
  • Xi knows unification is futile now: Ma (March 27, 2016)
  • Taiwan's attitude toward cross-Strait ties nature must be clarified: mainland spokesman (May 25, 2016)
  • 1992 Consensus basis for regular contact between cross-Strait affairs authorities: spokesman (May 21, 2016)
  • Full text of mainland's Taiwan affairs authorities' statement on cross-Straits relations (May 20, 2016)
  • Mainland's Taiwan Affairs chief calls for adherence to 1992 Consensus (March 29, 2016)
  • New KMT chief 'to remain on peaceful path' (March 28, 2016)
  • Taiwan independence' will never succeed: Li (March 25, 2016)
  • Chinese premier stresses vital importance of '1992 consensus' (March 24, 2016)
  • President-elect urged to specify nature of cross-strait relations (March 24, 2016)
  • ​Government Work Report (March 18, 2016)
  • ​More measures for cross-Strait economic ties: premier (March 16, 2016)
  • President Xi  Jinping vows to curb Taiwan secessionists (March 06, 2016)
  • Cross-Straits ties at critical phase: Top Taiwan affairs official (March 05, 2016)
  • President Xi warns against "Taiwan independence" in any form (March 05, 2016)
  • Mainland warns cross-Strait relations undermined without 1992 Consensus (January 27, 2016)
  • Wang Yi: Taiwan Issue Is the Core Issue Affecting China-US Relations (January 27, 2016)
  • Experts urge Taiwan's new leader not to avoid 1992 Consensus (January 18, 2016)
  • Mainland highlights 1992 Consensus as Tsai elected Taiwan leader (January 16, 2016)​
2015
  • ​Chinese mainland reiterates no interference in Taiwan election (June 24, 2015)
  • Mainland opposes "Taiwan independence" in any form: spokesperson (May 13, 2015)
  • China says 1992 Consensus vital to cross-Strait relations (April 29, 2015)
  • Mainland reminds DPP of negative impact of Taiwan independence (April 15, 2015)
  • Taiwan opposition party should stick to '1992 consensus' (March 25, 2015)​​
2012 - 2013
  • ​​Xi meets with KMT honorary chairman, calling nat'l rejuvenation a "common goal" (June 13, 2013)​
  • Hu Jintao, 18th Party Congress, Enriching the Practice of "One Country, Two Systems" and Advancing China's Reunification (November 17, 2012)
  • ​Mainland to hold symposium to mark 20th anniversary of "1992 Consensus" (November 16, 2012)
  • Hu, Xi call for efforts to promote peaceful development of cross-Strait ties (November 15, 2012)​
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Xi Jinping and the 1992 Consensus
I hope parties and organizations in Taiwan accept the 1992 Consensus.
President Xi Jinping 
​"Xi calls for adhering to one-China principle ​ in meeting with Ma"
Xinhua
​November 2015

Hu Jintao Administration
​(2003 - 2012)

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2012
  • "1992 Consensus" (November 16, 2012)​​

    Hu, Xi call for efforts to promote peaceful development of cross-Strait ties (November 15, 2012)​

    Mainland reiterates "1992 Consensus" for promoting cross-Strait ties (October 31, 2012)
    ​

    Hu meets KMT honorary chairman on cross-Strait ties (September 07, 2012)

    Leaders reiterate opposition to "Taiwan independence", spokesman says (March 28, 2012)​​
2010 - 2011
  • CPC, KMT to strengthen exchanges based on 1992 Consensus: spokesperson (December 29, 2016)
  • China urges U.S. to carefully handle Taiwan issue (December 29, 2016)
  • "Taiwan independence" biggest threat to peace, stability in the Strait: spokesperson (December 29, 2016)
  • Mainland stresses one-China principle on cross-Strait affairs (December 15, 2016)
  • ​​​​Zhang Zhijun Calls for maintaining Peaceful Development of Cross-Strait relations to Promote Economic Development (December 07, 2016)
  • Mainland spokesperson rebukes de-sinicization activities in Taiwan (December 06, 2016)
  • Mainland unswerving in opposing "Taiwan independence": spokesperson (November 11, 2016)
  • Xi proposes talks to end cross-Strait hostility (November 01, 2016)
  • Xi stresses adherence to 1992 Consensus (November 01, 2016)
  • Mainland spokesman tells Taiwan: no room for obscurity (October 12, 2016)​​
  • Mainland's Taiwan affairs spokesman reiterates one-China principle (October 06, 2016)
  • 1992 Consensus not an additional premise: spokesperson (September 28, 2016)​
  • ARATS, SEF talks to continue if 1992 Consensus confirmed (September 01, 2016)
  • Existing cross-strait pacts to continue: Chinese official (August 26, 2016)
  • 1992 Consensus a base of peaceful cross-Strait ties: Mainland spokesperson​ (July 22, 2016)
  • Remarks by Minister Zhang Zhijun At the 5th World Peace Forum (July 17, 2016)
  • ​Mainland stresses one-China principle in relations with Taiwan (July 17, 2016)
  • ​Xi reiterates opposition to ‘Taiwan independence’ (July 01, 2016)​
  • Defense Ministry's regular press conference on June 30 (June 30, 2016)
  • Mainland spokesman says cross-Strait communication mechanisms in suspension (June 25, 2016)
  • ​​Spokesman denies anti-Taiwan sentiment among mainlanders (June 15, 2016)
  • Top political advisor stresses 1992 Consensus, deepening exchanges (June 13, 2016)
  • Xi knows unification is futile now: Ma (March 27, 2016)
  • Taiwan's attitude toward cross-Strait ties nature must be clarified: mainland spokesman (May 25, 2016)
  • 1992 Consensus basis for regular contact between cross-Strait affairs authorities: spokesman (May 21, 2016)
  • Full text of mainland's Taiwan affairs authorities' statement on cross-Straits relations (May 20, 2016)
  • Mainland's Taiwan Affairs chief calls for adherence to 1992 Consensus (March 29, 2016)
  • New KMT chief 'to remain on peaceful path' (March 28, 2016)
  • Taiwan independence' will never succeed: Li (March 25, 2016)
  • Chinese premier stresses vital importance of '1992 consensus' (March 24, 2016)
  • President-elect urged to specify nature of cross-strait relations (March 24, 2016)
  • ​Government Work Report (March 18, 2016)
  • ​More measures for cross-Strait economic ties: premier (March 16, 2016)
  • President Xi  Jinping vows to curb Taiwan secessionists (March 06, 2016)
  • Cross-Straits ties at critical phase: Top Taiwan affairs official (March 05, 2016)
  • President Xi warns against "Taiwan independence" in any form (March 05, 2016)
  • Mainland warns cross-Strait relations undermined without 1992 Consensus (January 27, 2016)
  • Wang Yi: Taiwan Issue Is the Core Issue Affecting China-US Relations (January 27, 2016)
  • Experts urge Taiwan's new leader not to avoid 1992 Consensus (January 18, 2016)
  • Mainland highlights 1992 Consensus as Tsai elected Taiwan leader (January 16, 2016)​
2008 - 2009
  • Hu Jintao meets visiting KMT chairman (May 26, 2009)
  • ​Let Us Join Hands to Promote the Peaceful Development of Cross-Straits Relations and Strive with a United Resolve for the Great Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation (December 31, 2008)
  • Chinese, U.S. presidents hold telephone talks on Taiwan, Tibet (March 26, 2008)
  • Taiwan authorities' so-called "2005 consensus" lashed as twisting facts (February 27, 2008)​
2006 - 2007
  • Mainland hopes to restore cross-Straits talks under 1992 Consensus (October 31, 2007)
  • China's mainland reiterates consistent policy towards Taiwan (February 14, 2007)
  • Revised Taiwan Textbooks Slammed (February 01, 2007)
  • Mainland "notices" visit plan of ex-Taiwan leader Lee Teng-hui (January 31, 2007)
  • Year 2007 crucial for opposing "Taiwan independence"(January 17, 2007)
  • Wu Bangguo's Speech at the Brazilian Congress (Full Text) (August 31, 2006)
  • Hu raises suggestions on development of cross-Straits relations (April 16, 2006)​​
2004 - 2005
  • Four-point guidelines on cross-Straits relations set forth by President Hu (Full text) (March 04, 2005)
  • Taiwan urged to back "1992 Consensus" (February 28, 2005)
  • Chen urged not to distort "1992 Consensus" (November 15, 2004)
  • Backgrounder: "1992 Consensus" on "one-China" principle (October 13, 2004)​
2002 - 2003
  • 10th Anniversary of '92 Consensus' Commemorated (2002)
  • PRC Vice Premier Qian Qichen's Invitation to the DPP (January 24, 2002)
  • ​Historical Facts About 'One-China' Consensus: Article (2002)​​​
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Hu Jintao and the 1992 Consensus
In 1992, our two sides reached the 1992 Consensus, on the basis of which we held the first Wang Daohan – Koo Chen-fu talks. In 2005, Kuomintang (KMT) and CPC leaders actualized a historic meeting and concluded the Common Vision for Cross-Straits Peaceful Development. ​
Let Us Join Hands to Promote the Peaceful Development of Cross-Straits Relations and Strive with a United Resolve for the Great Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation

Speech at the Forum Marking the 30th Anniversary of
the Issuance of the Message to Compatriots in Taiwan

December 31, 2008
Hu Jintao

Yang Shangkun Administration
(1988-1993)

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1992
  • Beijing and Taipei Agree to Disagree on "One China" (November 16, 1992)
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1992 Consensus and the One China Principle
At this working-level consultation in Hong Kong, SEF representatives suggested that each side use respective verbal announcements to state the one China principle. On November 3rd, SEF sent a letter to ARATS, formally notifying that "each side will make respective statements through verbal announcements." ARATS fully respects and accepts SEF's suggestion.​
- People's Daily, PRC, November 6, 1992

Republic of China (ROC Taiwan)

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2018 (NEW)
  • ​Nation must stop fixating on ‘consensus’: minister, Taipei Times (March 22, 2018)
2017
  • DPP duty-bound to build bridge to China: ex-KMT official​, Focus Taiwan News Channel (September 24, 2017)
  • KMT lays out vision for peaceful development of cross-strait ties, Focus Taiwan News Channel (August 20, 2017)
  • KMT prioritizes cross-strait peace, stability in draft policy platform, Focus Taiwan News Channel (August 09, 2017)
  • MAC urges Beijing not to stop students from studying in Taiwan, Focus Taiwan News Channel (August 05, 2017)
  • Majority favors maintaining cross-strait status quo: survey, Focus Taiwan News Channel (June 20, 2017)
  • 2 Taiwanese confirmed arrested in China for alleged telecom fraud, Focus Taiwan News Channel (June 11, 2017)
  • Chinese visitors to Taiwan fall 50.2%, Focus Taiwan News Channel (May 04, 2017)
  • Maintaining status quo remains top choice for Taiwanese: survey,  Focus Taiwan News Channel (April 21, 2017)
​
2016
  • KMT chair says 'ROC' in Nanjing, The China Post (November 01, 2016)
  • Interview: Former Minister unravels ‘1992 consensus’ mystery, Taipei Times (October 31, 2016)
  • MAC Issues Statement on SEF Letter, Mainland Affairs Council (MAC) Press Release (September 09, 2016)
  • MAC vows to improve government-to-government dialogue with Beijing, Focus Taiwan News Channel (August 11, 2016)
  • ​MAC appeals to Beijing to recognize Taiwan's good will, The China Post (July 25, 2016)
  • Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen: Beijing Must Respect Our Democratic Will, The Washington Post (July 21, 2016)
  • Inaugural address of ROC 14th-term President Tsai Ing-wen, Office of the President Republic of China (Taiwan) (May 20, 2016)​
Tsai Ing-wen Administration (2016)
​

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Tsai Ying-wen and the 1992 Common Ground
In 1992, the two institutions representing each side across the Strait (SEF & ARATS), through communication and negotiations, arrived at various joint acknowledgements and understandings. It was done in a spirit of mutual understanding and a political attitude of seeking common ground while setting aside differences. I respect this historical fact.
President Tsai Ing-wen Inaugural address 
​
May 20, 2016

Ma Ying-jeou Administration (2008-2016)

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2016
  • Xi knows unification is futile now: Ma, Taipei Times (March 27, 2016)
  • Taiwan wants China to face reality of separate rules since 1949, Focus Taiwan News Channel (March 24, 2016)​
  • China acknowledgement helps ties: Ma, Taipei Times (February 28, 2016)
  • DPP's Tsai seeks to maintain status quo in cross-strait ties, Focus Taiwan News Channel (January 09, 2016)
  • U.S. urges China to remain flexible in cross-strait ties, Taipei Times (2016)
  • Eight Years of Reform Create a Better Taiwan, Focus Taiwan News Channel (January 01, 2016)
2015
  • ​​Ma Reaffirms Commitment to the 1992 Consensus, Taiwan Today (April 30, 2015)
  • MAC: 1992 Consensus - The Key to Cross-Strait Peace and Prosperity, Mainland Affairs Council (MAC) Promotional Material (July 2015)
  • MAC: 1992 Consensus of One China, with Respective Interpretations Fully Highlights ROC Sovereignty and Taiwan Dignity, Mainland Affairs Council (MAC) Press Release (November 09, 2015)
  • MAC reaffirms commitment to 1992 consensus, Taiwan Today (August 17, 2015)​​​
  • When I said 'Mr. Xi': Ma Ying Jeou, USA Today (November 22, 2015)
  • Ma, Xi agree on upholding '1992 consensus': official (2015)
  • ​Ma: Taiwan to solidify '1992 consensus' to pursue cross-strait peace (2015)
  • Ma: The 1992 Consensus: ensuring cross-strait peace and prosperity (2015)
  • President Ma's remarks at ROC (Taiwan)-US-Japan Trilateral Security Dialogue (2015)​​
  • Mainland Should Face Realities Across the Strait, Respect the Choice, Rights and Interests of the People of Taiwan, and Pragmatically Promote the Development of Cross-Strait Relations (March 13, 2015)​
2013 - 2014
  • Two Sides Jointly Reaffirm That the "1992 Consensus" Is the Key to the Peaceful Development of Cross-Strait Relations and Should Be Jointly Consolidated and Cherished at "Siew-Xi Meeting (November 09, 2014)
  • Upholding the Principle of "Shelving Disputes and Jointly Creating a Win-win Outcome" and Working Together for the Happiness of the People on Both Sides, Mainland Affairs Council (MAC)  (March 14, 2013)
  • Both Sides of the Strait to Continue Efforts in Bettering People’s Well-being on a Foundation of Peace and Stability, Mainland Affairs Council (MAC) (February 25, 2013)
  • ROC Leader's Representative Vincent Siew Urges at "Siew-Xi Meeting" for Two Sides to Strengthen Mutual Trust and Create a Sustainable and People-Centered Vision for Cross-Strait Relations, Mainland Affairs Council (MAC) Press Release (October 06, 2013)
  • Chang Hsien-yao: Benign Cross-Strait Interactions are Beneficial to Deepening Mutual Trust and Jointly Creating a Win-Win Outcome, Mainland Affairs Council (MAC) Press Release (August 18, 2013)
  • Chang Hsien-yao: Keys to Stable Cross-Strait Development are to Base Dialogue on the "1992 Consensus of One China with Respective Interpretations" and Promote Institutionalized Negotiation, Mainland Affairs Council (MAC) News Release (August 17, 2013)​
2011 - 2012
  • President Ma delivers address at symposium on "1992 Consensus", Office of the President Republic of China (Taiwan) (November 09, 2012)
  • Hu, Xi call for efforts to promote peaceful development of cross-Strait ties in response to message sent by Ma, People's Daily Online (November 15, 2012)
  • MAC: Promoting institutionalized cross-strait negotiations and maintaining peaceful and stable development across the Taiwan Strait on the foundation of the "1992 Consensus of one China with respective interpretations" corresponds to the expectations of mainstream public opinion in Taiwan, Mainland Affairs Council (MAC) News Release (December 14, 2012)
  • Speech by Minister Wang at the SEF 20th Anniversary of the "1992 Consensus", Mainland Affairs Council (MAC) (November 09, 2012)
  • Maintaining peaceful and stable development of cross-strait relations is in the best interests of both sides, Mainland Affairs Council (MAC) Press Release (November 08, 2012)
  • The ROC government's steady promotion of developments in cross-strait relations and the breadth of vision and mind of President Ma's Mainland policy are the keys to peace in the Taiwan Strait, Mainland Affairs Council (MAC) (September 05, 2012)​
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Ma Ying-jeou and the 1992 Consensus
In our interpretation, the 1992 consensus does not involve two Chinas, one China and one Taiwan, or Taiwan independence.
Former President Ma Ying-jeou
"Ma: Taiwan to solidify '1992 consensus' ​to pursue
​cross-strait peace"

Focus Taiwan News Channel
​November 2015

Chen Shui-bian Administration
​(2000-2008)

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2006 - 2007
  • A Vision for Peace and Prosperity in East Asia: A Taiwan Perspective, Kuomintang News Network (November 21, 2007)
    ​

    TIME interview with Ma Ying-jeou, Time (July 10, 2006)
2004 - 2005
  • ​Chen Updates Cross-Straits “Guidelines”, Taipei Times (August 07, 2005)​​

    President Chen Presides over a High-level National Security Meeting, Mainland Affairs Council (MAC) Archives (November 10, 2004)
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    ​President Chen's Address to the National Day Rally, Mainland Affairs Council (MAC) Archives (October 10, 2004)​​
2002 -2003
Important Statements regarding the Consensus of 1992: The Significance and Contribution of the “One China, with Respective Interpretations” Consensus (November 04, 2002)

How We View Beijing's White Paper MAC Chairman Su Chi at the February 25, 2000 Press Conference, Mainland Affairs Council (MAC) General Policy (February 25, 2000)
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How We View Beijing's White Paper "China Principle and the Taiwan Issue", Mainland Affairs Council (MAC) General Policy (February 22, 2000)
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Chen Shui-bian (DPP) and the 1992 Consensus
We also oppose the `1992 consensus' placed within the context of `one China' or `one country, two systems,' and reject any proposal that is premised on `unification'.
- Chen Shui-bian
Taipei Times
August 07, 2005

Lee Teng-hui Administration
​(1988-2000)

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1992
Beijing and Taipei Agree to Disagree on "One China", Congressional Research Service (CRS) Report (November 16, 1992)
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The 1992 Consensus
Peking has agreed to a Taipei proposal that both sides "orally state" their respective "one China" principle in the process of joining efforts to pursue national unification, they have different understandings about the substance of "one China.
- Central News Agency, Taiwan, November 18, 1992

Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF)

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1992 CONSENSUS CHRONOLOGY
SEF: Chronology for the Consensus of 1992, Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF) (1987-2012)
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SEF: Consensus of 1992

BLOG POSTS

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A View From Taiwan: The Political Controversy over Cross-strait Relations
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This in-depth piece analyzes the political controversy of recognition affecting the cross-strait relationship.  This political issue did affect ties during the Ma administration; and it is impacting ties now during the Tsai administration.  Specifically, the PRC refuses to recognize Taiwan's national title, namely the Republic of China, as well as the legitimate jurisdiction of the Republic of China, which the majority of Taiwanese people consistently support.  Accordingly, if the PRC refuses to recognize the ROC and its jurisdiction, there could be little room for Taiwan’s government – represented by either the KMT or the DPP – to start any serious dialogue on political issues with the PRC.
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North Korea, Nuclear Weapons, and Regional Challenge
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Stopping of the military exercises would cause serious questioning by North Korea and South Korea that the U.S. would respond to a North Korean attack. ​
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China, Taiwan, US Military Ties: Strategic Evolution
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The salient question is: Why are these incidents, which used to play a larger role in international dialogue, now downplayed? Our interpretation is that we are at a new point in the evolution of military strategies in the planning organizations in all three nations.
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